Shingle



Nov. 25, 1941. Q. J. KUHN 2,264,083

SHINGLE Filed June 28, 1940 IHVEHTUR TTU KUHN ATTDRNET Patented Nov. 25, 1941 UNETED STAT AraENT OFFICE Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in an asphaltum or equivalent pliable shingle and to the method of laying such shingles so as to form a weatherproof roofing or siding construction.

The shingles comprising this invention are preferably fabricated from pliable sheet material of a brous nature and which has been treated with bituminous and other material to render the same weather resistant. The shingles are laid in successive courses with the contiguous ends of the shingles of each course arranged in overlapping relation in what is known as the Dutch lap method.

The primary object of this invention is to provide an improved form or pattern of shingle whereby the same may be economically constructed and laid. In carrying out this object, I have provided each shingle with a holding means preferably formed integral therewith adapted to cooperate with the adjacent shingle of the same course for securing the exposed corner of the shingle in position, thereby permitting the use of relatively large shingles which greatly expedite the task of laying the shingles.

Another object of the invention is to provide a shingle having means for interlocking the same with an adjacent shingle of the same course so as to constitute a continuous exposed surface adapted to withstand the action of the elements thereon and particularly to prevent the exposed "f edge of each shingle from warpingupwardly or from being lifted by the wind.

A. further object of the invention resides in constructing shingles which,v when laid in courses, provide a well defined shadow line formed by the exposed lower edges of the shingles and which extend from one end to the other of each row and add much to the pleasing appearance of the roof or other covering structure.

Other objects and advantages relating to the specific form of the shingle and to the method cf laying the same will more fully appear from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1 is a plan view of a shingle embodying the various features of this invention.

Figure 2 shows a portion of a roof or siding covered with the shingles of my invention.

Figure 3 is a perspective view on an enlarged scale, showing portions of the adjacent shingles of the same course and the locking means forme-:l integral therewith which cooperate for securing the exposed corner of the upper shingle in position.

Figure 4 is a plan view lof a portion of a sheet of roong material `showing the manner of cutting the shingles. therefrom.

Figure 5 is a plan view of one end portion of a modified form of shingle -illustrating the same as it is cut from a sheet of asphaltum or other suitable material.

Figure 6 is ar perspective view illustrating a modified form of fastening means for interlocking the exposed lower corner'` of a shingle with an adjacent shingle of the same course.

Figure 7 is a detail longitudinal sectional view illustrating the manner in which the fastening means shown in Figure 6 is utilized for securing the lower exposed corner of one shingle with the adjacent portion of an underlying shingle ofthe same course. f

Figure 8 is a vperspective view showing the lower edge of a shingle ofV still further modified structure.

Asvshown more clearly in Figure 1 of the drawing, the main body II)v of `each shingle is flat and made in the form of a trapezoid having its opposite longitudinal. sides oredges II and I2 substantially parallel with each other. The opposite end edges I3 and I4 of the shingle are disposed at an angle to each other, oneof the end edges, as I3, being straight and disposed at substantially right angles to the longitudinal center of the shingle and, therefore, to the opposite longitudinal edges II and I2. The other end edge, as I4, has relatively short portions I5 and I5' thereof adjacent the sides II and I2, respectively, formed straight and disposed at substantially right angles to the longitudinal center of the shingle and, therefore, to sides lII andV I2.

The upper edge'or side II of the shingle is appreciably shorter than the lower edge or side I2 so that the end portions I5 and I5 are offset from each other longitudinally of the shingle. The major portion of the intermediate or central portion I6 of the end I4 is disposed at substantially right angles to the longitudinal center of the shingle but offset intermediate the end portions I5 and I5'. vThis central portion I6 of the end I4 may, as illustrated in Figure 1, be provided with stepped portions I6' providing convenient guides by which the amount of overlap of the shingles of onecourse with respect to the shingles of the next preceding course readily determined. Y

The upper and lower ends of the intermediate portion I5 of the end I4 are connected with the end portions I5 and I5',`respectively, by arcuate edges orsurfaces I1 and I1'. The/edge or sunmay be face Il is preferably a convex surface so as to provide the shingle with ample surface adjacent thereto for receiving a fastening nail or the like by which the corresponding portion of the shingle may be secured to the underlying supporting tions I5 and I5 of end I4 are substantially equal4 and are Vonly of such a length as to give the por; tion of the shingle immediately adjacent lLtheen'd:

I5' enough strength to supportthe` same before, the shingle is laid and also toA give it"suflicientAV body or width to prevent water fromreadily' owing in under the adjacent portion of a second shingle' overlyingi the endi portion- I4., aslV will hereinafter be more clearlyjun'derstood.

v As hereinbefore stated,L tlieuppertedgeor side I I H of-thej shingle` is of4 shorterrlengthtthanfthe lowerjside` cnedgne'V I 2j In this-instance, the' upperside I I is substantially two-third`sjth1elength o f theside I2 and is provided withanextension' I 9 equa'i in lengthY to vsubstantially one-half the length-*ofthe* uppeirsi'de I I ofltlie shingle: Thev extension I9; is arrangedadjacent the'endv Iof the shingle and has'theforwardfofouterjendEI9'v thereof' arrangedfcoincident Aor Hush withthe end portion I5. Y j

Thelower sidej' I2 ofthe" shingle' is'provi'ded with a* recess- 21 i' complementary tothe' extension I9: Inv other-words;the-recess-*2I isary ranged substantially midway between opposite` ends of the sideA I2? andJ has.' a length ysubsi-antially-'equal to^ one=third-lof* thelengtl'r" of'theA lower` edge so that the shingle` may be saidtotbe' providedwvith extensions 22andJV 23* arranged at; oppositeendsof the recess 's 2|; each of' said' extensions: 22fand 23-1-being; of'n substantially the samelength`V as" said recess; The" extension, asy 22,` disposed adjacentr the"end'-I3`` of the hshinglel is -providedwitli aholding tab `or flap 25ffo'rmed entirely 'within' tlleloody` of l the shingle byga lslit 2li*V extending4 inwardly''frtm'imthe'` `,lower ed'ge of' theextension k22in` angular relationthereto, as shown in'Figure'l. The.upperorinnerend of the' slit- 2544 terminates in a' lateral portion 26* which extends substantially: parallel withV the lweredge off thej portion V22 and terminates at a hole or eyelet2l'provided yin the shingle intermediate'v the"upper "or inner end of th'ej major portionA of the slit 2E' andL the end |31 of the shingle;D ,i

The extension' portion* 23""adjacent, the end-i I4 of the 'f body 'ofthe shingle-is provided with: an inwardly extending-"slot"- 29 lwl'iicl'l'- isA "of' substantiallythe Lsame-*length-as the distance the lateral portion- 2 "I y'of thev slit 26 isy spaced"from'theI lower edgejof the extensiorr 22':4 linl other words; the lengthof the slotl 2,$lfis-substantially equal toI the widthv ofl the ap^25-and iis'of a'widtl' slightly greater than'the thickness-ofthe -flap'so as; to" read-ilyreceive'the flap `2550i an? adjacent shingle therethroiigh.V Furthermore; the` slot? 29'f is spaced freni the-adjacertor-forward'fend 2l' of the Yrecess 2V a distance substantially' equal to the distance the hole or eyeletl 2`I-`isY spaced from the endI3 so that'` when the Aholdingiap 25"'isx properly-receivedlirr the-slot 29 of an ad#- j acent shingle; the end I-3 of -fth'e shinglel having' the `Hap substantially-aligns* with the-adjacentend 2|' of the recess 2I adjacent the slot 29, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. Furthermore, the lower edge or side I2 of the upper shingle having the ap 25 registers with the lower edge or side I2 of the lower shingle having the slot 29, while the upper portion of the end I3 of the upper shingle aligns with the forward end I9 of the extension I9.

As illustrated in Figure 4, the shingles may be cutforb1anked out ofA largefsheetsof material and, in order to effect economy, the extension I9 of each shingle is cut from the opposite side of another shingle, thus providing the edge II adjacent the end I4 with an extension I9, and the side I2 intermediate the ends thereof with a recessrZI complementary to said extension. The shingles are cut in pairs from a strip of sheet material with-the shingles of each pair extending transversely of the sheet and with the ends I4 of the shingles at the center of the sheet complementary teeachfother'; thereby eliminating' waste of mateifial'." The'lsteppedlportiensflf offeach shingle-f are 'spacedfomih'e lower side I2 vthereof a distance to provide the. desired side lap'with the: next shingle and thusl to determine the amount Vof fhead llap -of fone course upon the next prec'edin'gcourse;

As I-hereinbefore stated;` my novel shinglesare adapted to befvlaid -in coursesl from the bottom or'lower'edge off the siding orf'roofin'gupwardly andthos'efof lea-ch' 'course are laid' lfrom v the left-V hand' toward-` the right-hand'sidel of'I the siding or roofing. As illustrated in- Figure 2, th'e yshingles-'of each course are laidwith thelongitudinal edge'or side I2 lowernrost, thus .bringing the end I3 of each-shingle in arr'exposedvposition at the left-handisid and tlie--irregular andi more or less-Ian'g'ul'arly dispose'dend 1 I 42 of eachshingle' in afcncealed? position at T the right-hand sidev` of eaehicourse Mere-"specicall'y, when laying the' shingles to forni a roofing!or'sidihgiconstruetion, thevlower leftehand'shingle is'i'rst 4placed in operative p0- sitifonwith' itsv longitudinal edge I 2 in alignment with`v`r the'- lowerf or bottom edgeof'-A thesiding or roongand'fwith the endedge'l3' aligned with the corresponding edgei of the underlying supporting structure.L A- nail N" is` then driven throug-hthe shingle at the lower right-hand portin'thereof,` preferably between the forward end I 2 I of the recess 2l and tli'e' inner end portion of the slot 29; after 'which the'` opposite or left-hand'end of `the shingle lmayy be secured to the underlying" struoture by"driving a nail or other fasteningmean's through theI shingle at the upper left-han'dcorner'thereofi4 The'nextadjacent shingle in thefsame course is then brought into` position by inserting its holding flap-25 through the slot 29' of the rst shingle with the end I3 overlying the end M'of the first-shingle. If necessary, the'second'shingle is then'swung about thefap 25 as a.l pivot tolbring the edge I3 ofl the second shinglev into alignment with the end surfaces-2l' andv I9 of the recess 2| and'extension I9, respectively, of the first shingle. The second lshingleis then secured in position by'diiving a nail'l\lft`r1'rou'gl`iv the shingle intermediatey the recessed end Zland the slot Hand-another nail N' through tlielupper left-hand corner ofthe secondshingle; and

through the upper right-hand portionv off the rst shingle dened by the curved surface Il; thereby 'securing both shingles -to eachother-and tothe supporting' structure.

lower course is placed in operative position and secured to the underlying structure along the entire length of the siding or roofing. Before laying the shingles of the next or second course, a short shingle section 3| extending from a line connecting the inner ends 2|" and I9" of the recess 2| and extension I9, respectively, to the end I4 is secured by nails or any other fastening means to the supporting structure in overlying relation with the rst shingle of the first course in a manner which is well known to those skilled in the art to establish a beginning for the shingles of the second course. In positioning the shingle section 3|, the amount of overlap of the shingles of the'second course with the shingles of the rst course is determined by aligning one of the steps I6' at the end I4, for instance the first step from the bottom or lower side I2, with the upper edge of the extension I9 of the rst shingle of the rst course.

The first or left-hand shingle of the `second course may then be placed in operative'position by inserting the holding flap 25 thereof into the slot 29 of the short shingleV 3|. Then, after aligning the end I3 of this rst full length shingle of the second course with the end portions 2|" and I9 of the recess 2| and extension I9 of the short shingle 3|, and bringing the step I6 of the end I4 adjacent the lower .edge of the shingle in alignment with the upper edge of the extension I9 of the second shingle of the rst course, said rst full length shingle is secured in position by driving the nail N through the portion of the second course lying between the recessed end 2|' and the slo-t 29 and through the underlying portion of the second shingle of the irst course into the supporting structure and then a nail N' is driven through the upper lefthand corner of the first full length shingle of the second course and the underlying portion of the shingle section 3| into the supporting structure.

The sec-ond full length shingle of the second course is then placed in position by first insert- Ving the holding ap 25 through the slot 29 of the first full length shingle into interlocking engagement with the latter shingle, after which the second shingle may be properly aligned with the first shingle of the second course and with 'the third shingle of the rst course, and then secured in position by nails N and N in the manner hereinbefore described for the rst shingle of the second course. In like manner, succeeding shingles of the second course are laid and secured in proper alignment with each other and in proper overlapping relation with the shingles of the rst course, these operations for the several courses being continued throughout the length of the supporting structure.

It will now be observed that although I have illustrated but two nails or fastening means for each shingle, the structure as a whole is securely maintained in position to form a substantially water-tight covering. This is due to the fact that each shingle is secured to the underyling structure at least at thlree spaced places along its upper edge and at one place at its lower edge, the exposed lower corner of each shingle being secured to the underlying shingle by the nap 25. Furthermore, the interlocking engagement of the flap 25 of the upper shingle with the forward end portion of the adjacent loweri` shingle is so closely related with the fastening element N that said lower exposed corner of the shingles are securely maintained against warping or being raised by the action of the wind.

In addition to the above, it will be noted tha the lower side of each shingle rests uponand is supported by other shingles throughout the' length thereof so that practically no vacant space appeafrs beneath the lower edge of each shingle through which rain or water may be blown by the windto a position above the upper edge of an underlying shingle of the next preceding course and thus cause leakage. This is due primarily to the fact that the extension 23 of each shingle of one course extends to substantially the end I3 of the next adjacent shingle of the preceding course, as clearly illustrated in Figure 3.

Furthermore, the extension I9 of each shingle is so arranged that when the shingles are laid in courses, these extensions align with the intervlocked holding elements 25 and 29 of the shingles of the next succeeding course and maintain a practical uniform amount of overlap of the shingles of one course with the shingles of an adjacent course. At the same time, each course is provided with the irregular edge afforded by the recesses 2| and the desirable shadow line resulting therefrom. Also the curved end portions I'I and II provide the shingles with ample surfaces at the upper and lower sides thereof for fastening elements and foIr supporting the upper shingles and maintaining a closure thereunder. All of these features and the ladvantages derived therefrom are obtained by the use of a minimum amount of shingle material due to the peculiar manner in which the shingles are formed.

Although I have shown but two fastening nails N and N for each shingle, it will be understood that additional fastening nails or elements may be used, if desired, fdr securing the shingles in position.

The modified form of shingle shown inA Figure 5 is constructed substantially the same as that shownv in Figure 1, with the exception of the end I4. This end of the shingle, instead of having the central portion as 33 thereof stepped, as at ISin Figure 1, has this portion 33 extending in angular relation to the longitudinal center of the shingle and in tangential relation with the circular edge portions I'I and II. The end portion 33 may, as shown, be provided with notches '34 arranged in spaced relation longitudinally thereof to serve as guides in the same manner as the notches I6' of the shingle shown in Figure 1 for enabling the amount of overlap of the shingles of one course with the shingles of the next preceding course to be readily detelrmined.

The shingle structure illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 is constructed substantially the same as that shown in Figure l, with the exception that instead of providing the nap 25 and slot 29 for anchoring the lower exposed corner of each shingle with an adjacent shingle of the same course, the lower side of each shingle is provided with an incision or a slot 33 extending inwardly from the forward end 2|' of the recess 2| for receiving an anchor clip 31 composed of metal or other suitable material and which is secured by any suitable means, as prongs 38 stamped up from said clip, to the end portion I3 of the shingle in slightly greater spaced relation to the described above for the shingle shown in Figure l, the lower-.exposed eornerfoffeachfshinglebeing anchored to theaadjacentlower :shingle by-f-insertionof-:the clip afl in.-.the.incision3,6,:-asindi catedinligure-f?, it being understoodfthat the clip ha-sf1an--offsetvportion `31? 4extending.-,-out wardlyfrom -theedge-l-B of the .shingle-and spaced from thefunder side .of.A the shingle to--which-fit is Asecured-a distance substantiallyequal L:to the thickness of -the shingle so .that-when'ithe c-lip is engaged-:in thei-ncision 36 the' extension -3,1f lies beneath the adjacent lower `shingleas--illustrated in Figure-7, in :a plane` above ther recess v2|-,.oi` said latter shingle The-modiedl-viorin .ofwshingle illustratedfin Figure 8 `is :constructed substantially the-same as the shingle shown in Figure 1, withcthe-ex; ception .that 'thel elements-.25 and .297,l are 'not fonmed-in-fthe flower edge of the shingle while the left-hand- .-end',. .as .-43'., disposedf at. substantially righuangles:to the longitudinal-.edgesfl-l and t2 -is fof -greater thickness :than the remainingportion-ot the :Shing-le. In 'this shingle -the main ,portion thereofextending from; substantially 'the plane fof the :end 21M-fof recess-.2d to-the end-414 is Aof usual .thick-ness. tha-t is, of substantiall-y- 'the same thickness as'theshingle of-Eigu-re 1, `whilethe remainder a-ofthe shingle, -tha-t-portion 4I extending vfrom thejplane -of`the recess end 'v2-.If 'i to tl-rezenel--l3','` is of greater-,thickness than.` the -rema-ining portion thereofso'-as to render the' same stiff and-of such rigidity -that it willnot-be readily.l lifted bythe-Wind when the shinglesare laid inra roofing` structure. This relatively thick rigid rportion of the Yshingle .eliminates r the necessity of' anchoring -the Vlower `-exposed-corner #of-the shingle fwith ian-:adjacent shingle-of :the same course-'asis necessary 4'with the-shingle shownzin Figures -1 andi. .In-:the shingle-shown-.in-Figure 8, the :endedge-,z-.I-Bfis substantially twice the thickness of the shingle -at the-opposite end `and the. portion III-gradually decreases thickness -f-roin fende. |-3x -to -substantially the z-l-in-erunning crosswisef-.of fthe shingle fromfend .-2l." of -recess- 2-l' to Ithe'end i9 of the extension 19 located --at the: upper edgeA I-I of the shingle. iin-'other words-.the Iportion Al ofithe ssh-ingle .is wedgefshapedas-,indicatedlat 224., yand although the end lf3" 'lis shown ian-d described as having .a thickness Substantially 'twice tha/tuoi the-opposite -end -of the shingle, vit :will a gle shown in Figures-6 and 7. It will :be-.observed .that this relatively -thick end portion 4l :of each shingle not. only provides a shingle which may :be -laidin -a `roofing structure without the use of ancho-ring elements provided at the lower-exposed left-:hand end of the shingle, but also provides i .a shingle 'wherein the shadow line of the lower edgeV thereof is substantially accentuated over .thatwhenrthe shingle is constructed in theman- .ner indicated in Figures '1 and `6.

Although I have shown and4 particularly-.idee

.scribed-a preferred form of shingle 'and-modikcations thereof, it isto be understood that'these rwere-for'illustrative purposes only-'and that I' do vnot wishto be limited to the exact construction y shown as certain changes and modifications may .acca-.ees

' upper-side of *the-shingle -being provided with an extension lcomplementary to .said recess, 1 one end of said shingle being stra-ight and substantially normal -'-to the. longitudinal center line- .of the 'shingle andlto said .parallel sides,- .the portion of the shingle-intermediate said straight end and the: plane connecting theiends of saidrrecess and-extensionadjacent-.said straight yend-'of the shingleA beingof wedge vshapein;longitudinalfseetion with the thickestportion'rf'orv base :thereof at said end ofthe-shingle.. f

2. A--surf-ace -covering-.--comprising 1.a plurality of flexible. shingles y-oi substantially f trapezoidal form arranged in horizontal `coursesfwith the-adjacent ends :of the-shingles :oi each 'course in'flapping :relation and with-.the :adjacent lengthwise edges :ofthe shingles of the vseveralcoursesalso arranged -in flapping rela-tion; -each shingle being laid. -with one of the parallel-sides thereof forming thelower--edge oli-the' shingle', f'said flower side of each shingle-.being provided lwith a recess extending inwardly -irom'zsairl fedge and arranged.

intermediate-the ends-thereof',v #the opposite ior upper side of leachfshingleheingfprovided withlan extension complementary-- to said recess; one Aend of teach shingle .being straight.r and substantially normal 1 to said- -upper Y-and lowereparallel sides thereof, the portionwofeach shingleiintermediate said straight :end and ,theiplane connecting-the 'endswof said recess and'extension adjacentA said straightfend being of greater thickness than .the remaining portion of the shingle whereby-said end .portion .of each, shingle @relatively rigid with .respect to .,said.- remaining. -.-portion l thereof for the purpose :set iorth.

.3. A surface covering .comprising .-a pluralityof ilatfflexible shingles. of substantial-ly-trapezcidal iormlarrangedin.courses,..each shingle being laid with one of theparallel sides ether-cof formi-ng'its vlower edge, said lower 4edge `of.eachshingle having two extensions, one Vextensionadjacent either ,end thereof .and a recess portion` intermediate said extensions, interlocking means .on Yeach shingle comprising a slot in one of the extensions extending inwardly' from thev lower edge .thereof in proximity to the end of the recess adjacent said latterextension7 the other extension having an incision extending inwardly from the lower edge thereof and -then outwardly away Afrom the recess toward the adjacent end edge of 'theshinlgle `to form an interlocking nap adapted to'ex- 'tendinto the-slot of an'- adjacent shingle of the same course, the spacings-'of the inner end of the incision from said end edge of the shingle and of the slot from said end of therecessad"- 'jacent' thereto being substantially equal, whereby the said end edgeofnne shingle will bemaintained substantially in alignment'with'the said end Vof.therecess of yan adjacent shingleof the same course when said shingles vareilocked lto eacth otherrby the.'V cooper-ation' of the -liapfand slo 4. A surface covering: of the character defined -in claim 3, wherein the upper side' of each shingle is provided with an extension?complementaryV to the ends of the corresponding extensions at the upper edge of the shingles of the preceding course to provide maximum protection against leakage.

5. A surface covering of the character dei'lned in claim 3, wherein the lengths of the two extensions of each shingle are substantially equal, whereby the extension having the slot underlies the extension of an adjacent shingle of the same course having the interlocking flap substantially 10 throughout the length thereof.

OTTO J. KUHN. 

